Vitreous ware and metal and method of making same.



R. G. MILLER.

VITREOUS WARE AND METAL AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME. APPLICATION FILEDAPR. I2, 19H.

1,164,840. Patented Dec. 21, 1915.

A T TORNEY:

ROBERT GRIFFEN MILLER, OF MOUNT HOLLY SPRINGS, PENNSYLVANIA.

VITREOUS WARE AND METAL AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME.

7 '0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ROBERT GRIEFEN MIL-LER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Mount Holly Springs, inthe county of Cumberland, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new anduseful Vitreous Ware and Metal and Method of Making Same, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to structures combining vitreous ware and metal.

My object is to combine with a vitreous ware an alloy having heatresisting qualities, while the vitreous substance is in the plasticstate and then burn the vitreous ware with the metal or portion thereofembedded therein. The heat required to burn the vitreous body will notinjuriously affect the metal alloy. The fusing point of the alloy isapproximately 2, 900 F., and the range of temperature within which itwould be injuriously affected is between 2,700 F. and 2,900 F., whilethe heat required for burning the vitreous body is approximately 2,400F. This leaves a margin of safety for the alloy of about 300 F. It iswell known that the temperature at which the ordinary metals such asiron or steel would be injuriously affected is much below 2, l00 F. Byforming an alloy however, that will stand a temperature without damage,of several hundred degrees above that necessary for burning vitreousware I am able to combine the metal with the vitreous ware. That is, themetal or a portion thereof is embedded in vitreous ware while the latteris in the plastic state so that when the same is burned the metal alloyis entirely uninjured.

It is obvious that metal parts may be advantageously combined withvitreous ware for many purposes, for instance as a reinforcement forchina receptacles, or as means.

for attaching other bodies thereto, such as an element of a hinge for alid, or a pipe for a lavatory, or as an element for a support forvarious operating mechanisms, and my invention is especially useful forsanitary structures or structures relating to the electric art whereinsulation is a requirement.

Referring to the drawings merely as ex- Figure 1 is'an elevation in partsection of the sanitary device showing a hinge element and also a supplypipe, secured in place before burning. vFig. 2 is a part sectional viewof a Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 12, 1911.

sufficiently subjected as above stated,

Patented Dec. 21, 1915. Serial No. 620,600.

combination of an electric conductor and an insulating covering thereforand a metallic casing surrounding same. Fig. 3 is a sectional view of anelectric switch embodying my invention.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

By a careful and thorough mixture of certain base metals when in themolten state, I am able to produce an extremely cheap alloy which iscapable of being worked or wrought in any of the ways practically thatiron or steel may be worked that is, it may be forged or cast or cut,and also it possesses a high degree ofconductivity for electriccurrents.

In molding a sanitary device such as is shown in Fig. 1, it is onlynecessary to mold the vitreous ware while in the plastic state into itsproper form with the parts 4 and 5 of the metal alloy embedded in saidvitreous ware. \Vhen the vitreous body 6 has become dry as in theordinary treatment of china and other pottery, the same is placed in thekiln in the usual way and burnt, the heat to which the china or vitreousbody is is several hundred degrees. below the fusing point of the metalalloy and therefore the metal parts are entirely unaffected by saidburning.

In a similar way an electric conductor 7 composed of the metal alloy maybe incased in a tube 8 of vitreous material such as china,w hile thesame is in the plastic state, and this tube again may be placed orinserted in a surrounding tube 9 of the metal alloy to form a protectingarmor for said insulating tube 80f china. The whole may then be burnt inthe usual way in the kiln at the temperature to which vitreous ware isusually subjected without inany way injuring the conducting member 7 ofmetal afioy and the protecting covering 9 of metal a oy.

In a similar way the terminals 10- and 11 of the metallic alloy may beembedded in the base 12 of vitreous material when in the plastic state,the whole may be burnt in the usual way in a kiln without injuriouslyaffecting the metallic terminals. amples of applications of myinvention, 2

4 A suitable alloy for carrying out my inven- 1 tion comprises 65%nickel, 22% manganese this formula may be somewhat varied, or

other ingredientsadded, to meet diderent 7 2,400 there is no furtherexpansion either of metal 'or,clay. There is a slight contraction of theclay due to escaping moisture and volatile substances. As the body coolsthe clay and metal form a coherent and practically integral mass.

it will be obvious that the above are merely instances of an almostunlimited application of the combination of a metal alloy having a hightemperature point of fusion, with a vitreous body while the latter is inthe plastic state and then subjecting the vitreous body to the usualtemperature in burning" the same without affecting injuriously themetal.

Applicant is aware that spark plugs have been manufactured by combiningplatinum points with a vitreous body and other com binations of enameland the precious metals have been employed, but it'willbe obvious that,due to the high cost of the precious metals their application to theuses and purposes herein specified are prohibited.

What I claim is j 1. The method which consists in. combining with avitreous mass in the plastic state, abody of metal alloy having aco-eflicient of expansion and contraction, corresponding substantiallyto that of the vitreous substance and capable of withstanding, with-;

out injury, the burning heat of the vitreous mass, the body of metalalloy wholly or partly embedded in the vitreous mass, and the combinedmass then subjected to a burning heat to harden the vitreous substance.

2. The method which consists in combin-' ing with a plastic mass ofvitreous subbody of metal alloy, having a co-efiicient of expansioncorresponding substantially to that at the vitreous substance, combinedtherewith, the vitreous substance burned hard about the metal body andthe two bodies comprising a rigid coherent mass.

5. A body of burned vitreous substance and an element of alloy of nickelcombined therewith, the vitreous body and the metal element comprising arigid coherent mass.

6. A. body of burned vitreous substance and an element comprisingsubstantially 65% nickel, 22% manganese and 13% iron combined therewithin a rigid coherent mass.

7. In a body of china clay and a body of metal alloy of the characterdescribed combined therewith,.the china clay burned hard about the metalbody and the two bodies comprising arigid coherent mass.

8. The methodwhich consists in combining a body of metal alloy of thecharacter described with a mass of china clay in the plastic state andhardening the plastic mass by burning.

ROBERT GRIFFEN MILLER.

Witnesses:

MAn HOEMANN,

HOWARD T. OKIE.

